
|
Monitoring State |
Voltage Condition |
Current Condition |
Typical Scenario |
|
Normal ON |
>18V |
>2mA |
Load operating normally |
|
Open Circuit Fault |
>21V |
<1mA |
Line disconnected or load removed |
|
Short Circuit Fault |
<2V |
>100mA |
Line shorted or overloaded |
|
No Load |
>21V |
<1mA |
No load connected (detection configurable) |
Short Circuit Detection in De-energized State: Through System.INI file configuration, the module can detect short circuits (<24Ω) when outputs are off. The module partially energizes the field circuit (limiting voltage change to <2V and current to <100mA) to complete diagnostics without affecting safety.
Group Fail-Safe Switches (GFSS)
To prevent the extreme scenario where two or more switches fail simultaneously preventing output shutdown, the T8451 incorporates Group Fail-Safe Switches (GFSS):
Every 8 output channels form a Power Group
Each power group is equipped with three parallel GFSS, controlled by three slices respectively
Cross-control signals: Each slice controls its own GFSS and the GFSS of the other two slices
Fault Response: When an output fails to turn off when commanded, slices can command all GFSS to open, forcibly cutting power to the group
GFSS control signals are generated by charge pumps from communication clocks; even if communication is interrupted, watchdog timeout will automatically cut off the GFSS, ensuring safety.
Sequence of Events (SOE) Functionality
The T8451 features high-precision event recording capabilities:
1-millisecond resolution: Automatically timestamps output state changes
Automatic Triggering: Output channel state transitions automatically trigger SOE entries
Automatic State Determination: Output states are automatically determined through onboard voltage and current measurements without external confirmation
SOE data is uploaded to the TMR processor via IMB and integrated into the system SOE log, supporting monitoring and analysis through the Trusted Sequence of Events and Process Historian Package.
Hardware Interface and Installation Specifications
Electrical Isolation and Protection
2500V Impulse Withstand Opto/Galvanic Isolation Barrier: Ensures electrical isolation between field side and system side
Per-Channel Automatic Overcurrent Protection: Complies with IEC 61131-2 "Protected Outputs" standard; no external fuses required
Non-Replaceable Fusible Link: Provides absolute final protection
Power Group Design
The 40 output channels are divided into 5 isolated power groups, with 8 channels per group. This design:
Limits fault impact scope
Supports loads from different power domains
Cooperates with GFSS to achieve grouped safety shutdown
Installation and Keying System
The T8451 employs mechanical polarization to prevent misinsertion:
Both module and cable feature keying pins
T8451 requires removal of keying pins 1, 5, and 9 (for Companion Slot configuration)
Forced alignment mechanism ensures module matches correct cable
Hot-Swap Support: Through Companion Slot (dedicated adjacent spare slot) or SmartSlot (shared spare slot) configurations, online module replacement is supported without process shutdown.
Application Scenarios and Value
The T8451 module is suitable for industrial scenarios with highest safety integrity requirements:
Emergency Shutdown Systems (ESD): Final control element control
Fire and Gas Detection Systems (F&G): Audible/visual alarm drivers, solenoid valve control
Process Control Safety Loops: High-reliability valve control
Critical Equipment Protection: Safety interlocks for compressors, turbomachinery
Its value lies in: maintaining normal operation under single-fault conditions, entering safe state under dual-fault conditions, eliminating latent failures through comprehensive self-diagnostics, and achieving fault tolerance rather than mere fault detection through TMR architecture, providing true high-availability safety control for process industries.


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